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Woolf, DK, Land, PE, Shutler, J, Goddijn-Murphy, LM and Donlon, CJ 2016 On the calculation of air-sea fluxes of CO2 in the presence of temperature and salinity gradients. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121. 1229-1248. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011427
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Abstract/Summary
The presence of vertical temperature and salinity gradients in the upper ocean and the occur- rence of variations in temperature and salinity on time scales from hours to many years complicate the calculation of the flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) across the sea surface. Temperature and salinity affect the interfacial concentration of aqueous CO2 primarily through their effect on solubility with lesser effects related to saturated vapor pressure and the relationship between fugacity and partial pressure. The effects of temperature and salinity profiles in the water column and changes in the aqueous concentration act primarily through the partitioning of the carbonate system. Climatological calculations of flux require atten- tion to variability in the upper ocean and to the limited validity of assuming ‘‘constant chemistry’’ in trans- forming measurements to climatological values. Contrary to some recent analysis, it is shown that the effect on CO2 fluxes of a cool skin on the sea surface is large and ubiquitous. An opposing effect on calculated fluxes is related to the occurrence of warm layers near the surface; this effect can be locally large but will usually coincide with periods of low exchange. A salty skin and salinity anomalies in the upper ocean also affect CO2 flux calculations, though these haline effects are generally weaker than the thermal effects.
| Item Type: | Publication - Article |
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| Subjects: | Earth Observation - Remote Sensing Marine Sciences Oceanography |
| Divisions: | Plymouth Marine Laboratory > Science Areas > Earth Observation Science and Applications |
| Depositing User: | Peter Land |
| Date made live: | 10 Oct 2017 09:26 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Apr 2020 09:57 |
| URI: | https://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/7090 |
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