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Jenkins, HL, Waeschenbach, A, Okamura, B, Hughes, RN and Bishop, JDD 2017 Phylogenetically widespread polyembryony in cyclostome bryozoans and the protracted asynchronous release of clonal brood-mates. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170010
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Jenkins et al Polyembryony PLOS ONE 2017.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract/Summary
Polyembryony–the production of multiple cloned embryos from a single fertilised egg–is a seemingly paradoxical combination of reproductive modes that nevertheless persists in diverse taxa. We document features of polyembryony in the Cyclostomata (Bryozoa)–an ancient order of modular colonial marine invertebrates–that suggest a substantial reduction in the paradoxical nature of this enigmatic reproductive mode. Firstly, we provide molecular evidence for polyembryony in three exemplar species, supporting the widely cited inference that polyembryony characterises the entire order. Secondly, genotyping demonstrates protracted release of cloned offspring from the primary embryo in a given gonozooid (chamber for embryonic incubation), thus exposing the same genotype to changing environmental conditions over time. Finally, we confirm that each gonozooid produces a distinct genotype, with each primary embryo being the result of a separate fertilisation event. We hypothesise that the sustained release of one or a few genotypes against varying environmental conditions achieves levels of risk-spreading similar to those in organisms that release multiple, unique genotypes at a single time. We argue that polyembryony, specifically with the production of a large number of progeny per fertilisation event, has been favoured in the Cyclostomata over long geological periods.
| Item Type: | Publication - Article |
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| Subjects: | Marine Sciences Zoology |
| Divisions: | Marine Biological Association of the UK > Coastal Ecology |
| Depositing User: | John Bishop |
| Date made live: | 20 Sep 2017 09:40 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Feb 2024 17:36 |
| URI: | https://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/7514 |
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